The basic obligations of the Transmission System Operator are set out in EU legislation, in particular in the so-called grid codes. Under the domestic law, the TSO's obligations are determined in particular by the provisions of the Energy Law and the executive acts issued on its basis, which define both the tasks to be undertaken by PSE and how they are to be financed, as well as the applicable technical standards and reliability criteria.

The costs of performing our tasks are regulated costs, covered by transmission fees paid by the transmission system users according to the tariff approved by the President of the ERO. As an operator, we perform tasks using the technical resources of entities connected to the transmission system. These entities are obligated to make the resources available under applicable laws or appropriate civil law agreements.

Polskie Sieci Elektroenergetyczne manages the operation of the entire National Power System. For many years, we have been adapting the system to new challenges, including those related to the increasing share of RES in electricity generation mix.

Our organisation feels responsible for the proper functioning of the Polish economy and domestic companies. In view of developments, including those related to the geopolitical situation, power and energy security is a priority for us.

The National Power System (NPS) is made of three subsystems responsible for specific tasks.

• Electricity generation ─ the production of electricity by generation sources, which – in the power system – are power plants, combined heat and power plants and distributed sources.
• Electricity transmission – is carried out by the transmission system operator whose functions are performed by PSE through the transmission grid in order to supply energy to distribution networks or to consumers connected to the transmission grid.
• Electricity distribution – is carried out by distribution system operators, and consists in the supply of energy through distribution networks to institutional and individual consumers connected to the network.

The company manages over 15,000 km of extra-high voltage lines and 110 substations.

Figure 1: The electricity path from the generating entity to the consumer